In Python 2.x an unprefixed string literal produces a byte string.
In Python 3.x an unprefixed string literal produces a textual string.

To produce a byte string in both a b prefix is needed, e.g. b'foo'.
Since I believe Hammer works predominantly with byte strings I have used
b prefixes throughout.

This removes any doubts about what type of string is in use.

This allows the library to be built and tested with a non-default
version of CPython, e.g.

scons bindings=python python=python3.6
scons bindings=python python=python3.6 testpython

In Python 3.x

- int and long types are unified. The unified type is called int.
- the text string type (unicode) is renamed to str.
- the byte string type (str) is renamed to bytes.
- chr returns a text string (i.e. str)
- xrange is renamed to range.
- dict.has_key() is removed
-

These have no effect in Python 3.x, they are the default. Enabling them
in Python 2.x, enabling them in Python 2.x allows single source
compatiblity.

I did this in a hurry, but it appears to work locally. I tested it with
a couple boring custom token type printers.

To homogenize the file and allow keys/strings to be searched easily.

We disable:
- the tests (which require glib) although they can be
  reactivated with the `--tests` command line flag
- shared library (lack of export symbol declarations
  means that although it can be built, no symbol is
  exported and therefore it can't be used)

The `install` target installs the library and headers
under the `build` folder, because it's a traditional practice
to move libraries to a central location on Windows, unless
you are using cygwin. In which case pass `prefix` to the
command line.

We adapt tools\windows\build_examples.bat to take the library
that is built using scons or using tools\windows\build.bat

We port registry by importing the (public domain) openbsd implementation
of the tfind/tsearch POSIX binary tree search functions.

These are only necessary when building on non-posix platforms

MSVC was complaining that the `tail` variable was potentially
uninitialized in the while branch. Since the while loop is actually
coupled to the if (head != NULL) that initializes the tail variable,
we move them together, which makes the warning disappear.

As MSVC doesn't implement C99, variable-length arrays
are not supported. We use _alloca instead.

Rationale: "Basic allocation" refers to things outside of parsing proper,
mostly initialization. If such allocations fail, the system is globally
emory-starved from which it will likely not recover by returning failure.
In this case, terminating the process is in fact the most robust strategy as
it may mean the difference between a permanent hang and a temporary crash.